Gender
Research from a number of public studies and systematic reviews has found significant disparities in asthma and COPD patients linked to gender. Women are more at risk from mortality from asthma, are more likely to be hospitalised, and are at risk of losing control of their condition during pregnancy.13,14
Socioeconomic
Research from a number of public studies and systematic reviews has found significant disparities in asthma and COPD patients linked to socioeconomic factors. These include greater exposure to the triggers of asthma and higher risk of death than those in areas of higher socio-economic status.15
Ethnicity
Research from a number of public studies and systematic reviews have found significant disparities in asthma and COPD patients linked to ethnicity factors.16,17 These include variation in hospitalisation rates, and worse asthma control.16,17
References
13 ALUK. Women almost twice as likely to die from asthma than men. Data from Office for National Statistics (ONS) – England and Wales, Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NSRA) and National Records of Scotland (NRS). 2022. Available at: https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/media/press-releases/women-almost-twice-likely-die-asthma-men
14 Somayaji, R. Chalmers, JD. Just Breathe: a review of sex and gender in chronic lung disease. European Respiratory Review 2022 31: 210111. DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0111-2021
15 Alsallakh MA et al. Association of socioeconomic deprivation with asthma care, outcomes, and deaths in Wales: A 5-year national linked primary and secondary care cohort study. PLoS Med 18(2): e1003497.
16 Netuveli G et al. Ethnic variations in UK asthma frequency, morbidity, and health-service use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2016. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17785-X
17 Martin, A et al. Effect of ethnicity on the prevalence, severity, and management of COPD in general practice. Br J Gen Practice. 2012. 62(595): e76–e81. doi: 10.3399/bjgp12X625120
MAT-XU-2304563 (v1.0)
June 2024